CMP-14 Includes:
Glucose-Blood sugar level, the most direct single test to uncover diabetes, can be used to not only to identify diabetes, but also to evaluate how one controls the disease.
Kidney Profile
Bun or Urea Nitrogen— Another by-product of protein metabolism that is eliminated through the kidneys. BUN is an indicator of kidney function.
Creatinine, Serum— An indicator of kidney function.
Bun/Creatinine Ratio— Calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine.
Glomerular Filtration (eGFR)— Provides an assessment of the filtering capacity of the kidney.
Fluids & Electrolytes
Sodium— One of the major salts in the body fluid, sodium is also important in the body's water balance and the electrical activity of nerves and muscles.
Potassium— Helps to control nerves and muscles.
Chloride— Similar to sodium, chloride helps to maintain the body's electrolyte balance.
Carbon Dioxide, Total— Used to help detect, evaluate, and monitor imbalances in electrolytes.
Calcium- A mineral essential for development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones. It is important also for the normal function of muscles, blood clotting and nerves.
Liver panel
Protein, Total— Together with albumin, a measure of the state of nutrition in the body.
Albumin— Serum one of the major proteins in blood and a reflection of general state of nutrition.
Globulin, Total— A major group of proteins in the blood comprising infection fighting antibodies. Albumin/Globulin Ratio— Calculated by dividing the albumin by the globulin.
Bilirubin, Total— A chemical involved with liver functions. High concentrations could result in jaundice.
Alkaline Phosphatase— A body protein important in diagnosing proper liver and bone functions.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST or SGOT)—an enzyme found in skeletal and heart muscle, the liver and other organs. Abnormalities could represent liver disease.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)— an enzyme that is found primarily in the liver. Abnormalities could represent liver disease.
CBC’s are used as a broad screening test to check for such disorders as anemia, infection, and many other diseases. It is actually a panel of tests that examines different parts of the blood and includes the following: White blood cell (WBC) count is a count of the actual number of white blood cells per volume of blood. Increases and decreases can both be significant. White blood cell differential looks at the types of white blood cells present. There are five different types of white blood cells, each with its own function in protecting from infections. The differential classifies a person's white blood cells into each type: neutrophils (also known as segs, PMNs, granulocytes, grans), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Red blood cell (RBC) count is a count of the actual number of red blood cells per volume of blood. Both increases and decreases can point to abnormal conditions. Hemoglobin measures the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Hematocrit measures the percentage of the red blood cells in a given volume of whole blood. The platelet count is the number of platelets in a given volume of blood. Both increases and decreases can point to abnormal conditions of excess bleeding or clotting. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets. New platelets are larger, and an increased MPV occurs when increased numbers of platelets are produced. MPV gives your doctor information about platelet production in bone marrow. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a measurement of the average size of RBC's. The MCV is elevated when RBC's are larger than normal (macrocytic), as seen in anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. When the MCV is decreased, RBC's are smaller than normal (microcytic) as seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is a calculation of the average amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside the red blood cell. Macrocytic RBC's are large and will tend to have a higher MCH, while microcytic red cells will have a lower value. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside the red cell. Decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally diluted inside the red cells, such as in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Increased MCHC values (hyperchromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally concentrated inside the red cells, seen in burn patients and hereditary spherocytosis, a relatively rare congenital disorder. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a calculation of the variation in the size of your RBC's. In certain anemias, such as pernicious anemia, the amount of variation (anisocytosis) in RBC size (along with variation in shape – poikilocytosis) causes an increase in the RDW.
The A1c (Glycohemoglobin) test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past two to three months. This is done by measuring the concentration of glycated (also often called glycosylated) hemoglobin A1c. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein found inside red blood cells (RBC's). While there are several types of normal hemoglobin and many identified hemoglobin variants, the predominant form – about 95-98% – is hemoglobin A.
Urinalysis, Complete is useful in the evaluation of conditions such as urinary tract infection, dehydration, and kidney stones.
Insulin is used in diagnosing and the therapy of various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, including diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. Insulin levels may be useful predicting susceptibility to the development of type II diabetes, though C-peptide has mostly supplanted insulin measurement for this role. The measurement of insulin levels is not included in The American Diabetes Association recommendations for diagnosis.
Microalbumin is one of the first proteins to be detected in the urine with kidney damage. Patients who consistently have detectible amounts of albumin in their urine (microalbuminuria) have an increased risk of developing progressive kidney failure and cardiovascular disease in the future. Microalbumin measurements may be obtained using urine collected over a 24-hour period, for a specified amount of time (e.g., 4 hours or overnight), or randomly (spot).
C-peptide levels may be tested if you have newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, as part of an evaluation of your “residual beta cell function” (how much insulin your beta cells are making). With type 2 diabetes, the test can monitor the status of your beta cells and insulin production over time and to determine if/when insulin injections may be required.
