Vitamin B12 - Ordered to help in diagnosing the cause of macrocytic anemia
Vitamin K1 - deficiency may be induced by obstructive icterus, obstructive liver disease, malabsorption due to celiac disease, pancreatitis, diarrhea, and antibiotic abuse; may be used to treat blood clotting disorders, bone metabolism disorders, and hemorrhagic disorders of newborns
In humans, deficiency of vitamin K leads to decreased concentrations of circulating, active coagulation factors, and often results in bleeding. Vitamin K nutritional status is implicated in osteoporosis. human epidemiological and intervention studies suggest that vitamin K may reduce bone loss in osteoporotic people and decrease fracture risk.
Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy - tests are used to determine if bone malformation, bone weakness, or abnormal metabolism of calcium (reflected by abnormal calcium, phosphorus or PTH tests) is occurring as a result of a deficiency or excess of vitamin D. Because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and is absorbed from the intestine like a fat, vitamin D tests are sometimes used to monitor individuals with diseases that interfere with fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis and Crohn's disease, to assure that they have adequate amounts of vitamin D. Vitamin D tests also are used to determine effectiveness of treatment when vitamin D, phosphorus, calcium, and/or magnesium supplementation is prescribed.
TIBC - The percent saturation at times is more helpful than is the iron result for iron deficiency anemia. Evaluates thalassemia and possible sideroblastic anemia; work-up hemochromatosis, in which iron is increased and iron saturation is high. A decrease in the iron level after performance of Schilling supports the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, vide infra. Evaluates iron poisoning (toxicity) and overloads in renal dialysis patients, or patients with transfusion dependent anemias. Use of TIBC in iron toxicity may be less helpful than previously believed. TIBC or transferrin is a helpful index of nutritional status.
Folate (Folic acid) - Folic acid is a B vitamin that our bodies uses to make new cells. It is important because it can help prevent major birth defects of the baby's brain and spine (anencephaly and spina bifida) by 50% to 70%. Women need folic acid every day, whether they're planning to get pregnant or not, for the healthy new cells the body makes daily. The amount of folate inside the red blood cell (RBC) is usually at a higher concentration inside the cell than in the serum. Folate may also be ordered to help in diagnosing the cause of behavioral or mental changes, especially in the elderly. Necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis, folate is found in leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, dry beans and peas, liver, and yeast.
CMP-14 Includes:
Glucose-Blood sugar level, the most direct single test to uncover diabetes, may be used not only to identify diabetes, but also to evaluate how one controls the disease.
Kidney Profile
Bun or Urea Nitrogen— Another by-product of protein metabolism eliminated through the kidneys. BUN is an indicator of kidney function.
Creatinine, Serum— An indicator of kidney function.
Bun/Creatinine Ratio— Calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine.
Glomerular Filtration (eGFR)— Provides an assessment of the filtering capacity of the kidney.
Fluids & Electrolytes
Sodium— One of the major salts in the body fluid, sodium is important in the body's water balance and the electrical activity of nerves and muscles.
Potassium— Helps to control the nerves and muscles.
Chloride— Similar to sodium, it helps to maintain the body's electrolyte balance.
Carbon Dioxide, Total— Used to help detect, evaluate, and monitor electrolyte imbalances.
Calcium- A mineral essential for development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. It is important also for the normal function of muscles, nerves and blood clotting).
Liver panel
Protein, Total— Together with albumin, it is a measure of the state of nutrition in the body.
Albumin— Serum one of the major proteins in the blood and a reflection of the general state of nutrition.
Globulin, Total— A major group of proteins in the blood comprising the infection fighting antibodies. Albumin/Globulin Ratio— Calculated by dividing the albumin by the globulin.
Bilirubin, Total— A chemical involved with liver functions. High concentrations may result in jaundice.
Alkaline Phosphatase— A body protein important in diagnosing proper bone and liver functions.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST or SGOT)—an enzyme found in skeletal and heart muscle, liver and other organs. Abnormalities may represent liver disease.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)— an enzyme found primarily in the liver. Abnormalities may represent liver disease.
