Vitamin B12 - Ordered to help diagnose the cause of macrocytic anemia

Vitamin K1 -  deficiency may be induced by obstructive liver disease, obstructive icterus, malabsorption due to celiac disease, pancreatitis, diarrhea, and antibiotic abuse; may be used to treat blood clotting disorders, bone metabolism disorders, and hemorrhagic disorders of newborns
In humans, deficiency of vitamin K leads to decreased concentrations of circulating, active coagulation factors, which often results in bleeding. Vitamin K nutritional status has also been implicated in osteoporosis. Interest in vitamin K has increased beyond its well-established function in blood clotting with human epidemiological and intervention studies suggesting that vitamin K may reduce bone loss in osteoporotic people and decrease fracture risk.

Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy - tests are used to determine if bone weakness, bone malformation, or abnormal metabolism of calcium (reflected by abnormal calcium, phosphorus or PTH tests) is occurring as a result of a deficiency or excess of vitamin D. Since vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and is absorbed from the intestine like a fat, vitamin D tests are sometimes used to monitor individuals with diseases that interfere with fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis and Crohn?s disease, to assure that they have adequate amounts of vitamin D. Vitamin D tests also are used to determine effectiveness of treatment when vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and/or magnesium supplementation is prescribed.

TIBC - The percent saturation sometimes is more helpful than is the iron result for iron deficiency anemia. Evaluate thalassemia and possible sideroblastic anemia; work-up hemochromatosis, in which iron is increased and iron saturation is high. Decrease in iron level after performance of Schilling supports the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, vide infra. Evaluate iron poisoning (toxicity) and overload in renal dialysis patients, or patients with transfusion dependent anemias. Use of TIBC in iron toxicity may be less useful than previous believed.1 TIBC or transferrin is a useful index of nutritional status.

Folate (Folic acid) - is a B vitamin. Our bodies use it to make new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. Folic acid is very important because it can help prevent major birth defects of the baby's brain and spine (spina bifida and anencephaly) by 50% to 70%. However, every woman needs folic acid every day, whether she’s planning to get pregnant or not, for the healthy new cells the body makes daily. Think about the skin, hair, and nails. These – and other parts of the body – make new cells each day.The amount of folate inside the red blood cell (RBC) will normally be at a higher concentration inside the cell than in the serum. Folate may also be ordered to help diagnose the cause of mental or behavioral changes, especially in the elderly. Folate is found in leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, dry beans and peas, liver, and yeast. Folate is necessary for normal RBC formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis.

CMP-14 Includes:
Glucose-Blood sugar level, the most direct single test to uncover diabetes, may be used not only to identify diabetes, but also to evaluate how one controls the disease.
Kidney Profile
Bun or Urea Nitrogen— Another by-product of protein metabolism eliminated through the kidneys. BUN is an indicator of kidney function. 
Creatinine, Serum—  An indicator of kidney function. 
Bun/Creatinine Ratio— Calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine.
Glomerular Filtration (eGFR)— Provides an assessment of the filtering capacity of the kidney.
Fluids & Electrolytes
Sodium— One of the major salts in the body fluid, sodium is important in the body's water balance and the electrical activity of nerves and muscles.
Potassium— Helps to control the nerves and muscles.
Chloride— Similar to sodium, it helps to maintain the body's electrolyte balance.
Carbon Dioxide, Total— Used to help detect, evaluate, and monitor electrolyte imbalances.
Calcium- A mineral essential for development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. It is important also for the normal function of muscles, nerves and blood clotting).
Liver panel
Protein, Total— Together with albumin, it is a measure of the state of nutrition in the body.
Albumin— Serum one of the major proteins in the blood and a reflection of the general state of nutrition. 
Globulin, Total— A major group of proteins in the blood comprising the infection fighting antibodies.  Albumin/Globulin Ratio— Calculated by dividing the albumin by the globulin.
Bilirubin, Total— A chemical involved with liver functions. High concentrations may result in jaundice.
Alkaline Phosphatase— A body protein important in diagnosing proper bone and liver functions.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST or SGOT)—an enzyme found in skeletal and heart muscle, liver and other organs. Abnormalities may represent liver disease.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)— an enzyme found primarily in the liver. Abnormalities may represent liver disease.

Magnesium - checks the level of magnesium in the blood. Magnesium is an important electrolyte needed for proper muscle, nerve, and enzyme function. It also helps the body make and use energy and is needed to move other electrolytes (potassium and sodium) into and out of cells.

Ferritin - checks the amount of ferritin in the blood. Ferritin is a protein in the body that binds to iron; most of the iron stored in the body is bound to ferritin. Ferritin is found in the liver, spleen, skeletal muscles, and bone marrow. Only a small amount of ferritin is found in the blood. The amount of ferritin in the blood shows how much iron is stored in your body.

Prealbumin - To diagnose patients with malnutrition and to monitor patients at risk for poor nutrition

Vitamin C - Plasma or serum levels of vitamin C are an adequate measurement of clinical status. Vitamin C is a cofactor for protocollagen hydroxylase; it promotes the conversion of tropocollagen to collagen.1 Low values occur in scurvy, malabsorption, alcoholism, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, and renal failure. Smokers have lower levels than nonsmokers. Patients with scurvy have values <0.2 mg/dL. Principal clinical findings in scurvy include bleeding gums, petechiae, follicular hyperkeratosis, perifollicular hemorrhages beginning on the lower thighs, muscle aches, easy fatiguability, and emotional changes.