IA2 Autoantibodies (Endocrine Sciences)

What are IA2 Autoantibodies?

Diabetes is a disease that develops either when the body is not able to make or use insulin appropriately. As a result, the body generates too much blood glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. 

The two primary types of diabetes are: 

• Type 1: It happens when the body cannot produce insulin. It is commonly referred to as juvenile diabetes because it is primarily found in children and teenagers. However, type 1 diabetes also affects adults.
• Type 2: It happens when the body cannot make enough insulin or doesn’t use it as it should. Although type 2 diabetes is primarily found in adults, many children and teenagers are diagnosed with it.

The occurrence of IA2 autoantibodies in people with diabetes suggests that they have autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes). Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease since the lack of insulin stems from an immune response that destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Approximately 60% of individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes have IA2 autoantibodies. These antibodies are also helpful in diagnosing latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood (LADA). A positive result for IA2 autoantibodies in asymptomatic individuals or those with a family history may indicate an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. In addition, the presence of IA2 autoantibodies in the blood of patients who have received a pancreas transplant may indicate potential beta-cell failure.

What is the purpose of this test?

Order this IA2 Autoantibodies Test to help assess the risk of developing type 1 diabetes or distinguishing the class of diabetes. This IA2 autoantibody test may also evaluate the potential need for insulin treatment in patients with adult-onset diabetes. 

When should I order an IA2 Autoantibodies Test?

Individuals may order this test if they have experienced symptoms related to type 1 diabetes. Signs or symptoms of type 1 diabetes may include:

• Dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• Constant hunger
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Slow-healing sores or wounds
• Dry or itchy skin
• Numbness or tingling in your feet
• Blurry vision